{"id":5579,"date":"2022-11-18T18:58:34","date_gmt":"2022-11-18T18:58:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/usvl.sav.sk\/wp\/?p=5579"},"modified":"2022-11-20T17:49:35","modified_gmt":"2022-11-20T17:49:35","slug":"adam-bzoch-koncept-pamati-a-spomienky-v-hladani-strateneho-casu-marcela-prousta","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/usvl.sav.sk\/wp\/?p=5579","title":{"rendered":"Adam B\u017eoch: Koncept pam\u00e4ti a spomienky v H\u013eadan\u00ed straten\u00e9ho \u010dasu Marcela Prousta"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong><span style=\"color: #333333;\">Pre\u010d\u00edtajte si pri pr\u00edle\u017eitosti 100. v\u00fdro\u010dia \u00famrtia v\u00fdznamn\u00e9ho franc\u00fazskeho spisovate\u013ea Marcela Prousta (10. 7. 1871 \u2013 18. 11. 1922) nieko\u013eko vybran\u00fdch pozn\u00e1mok z dosia\u013e neuverejnen\u00e9ho textu predn\u00e1\u0161ky profesora Adama B\u017eocha, ktor\u00fa predniesol na p\u00f4de \u00dastavu svetovej literat\u00fary SAV. Cel\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nok vyjde vo \u0161tvrtom tohoro\u010dnom \u010d\u00edsle \u010dasopisu World Literature Studies.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/usvl.sav.sk\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/images.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-5583 alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/usvl.sav.sk\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/images.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"281\" height=\"179\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Nie je jednoduch\u00e9 v kr\u00e1tkosti charakterizova\u0165 ani predstavi\u0165 sedemdielny rom\u00e1nov\u00fd cyklus\u00a0 Marcela Prousta <em>H\u013eadanie straten\u00e9ho \u010dasu<\/em>. Ak sa o\u00a0to pok\u00fasime, m\u00f4\u017eeme na za\u010diatku vyjs\u0165 z\u00a0dobov\u00e9ho i\u00a0liter\u00e1rnohistorick\u00e9ho ukotvenia tohto v\u00fdznamn\u00e9ho diela svetovej literat\u00fary, vznikaj\u00faceho v\u00a0obdob\u00ed zhruba od 1908 do 1922 (dovych\u00e1dzalo po autorovej smrti), ktor\u00e9 sa rad\u00ed na pomedzie rom\u00e1nov\u00e9ho realizmu 19. storo\u010dia a\u00a0modernizmu 20. storo\u010dia.<\/p>\n<p>Ako rom\u00e1nopisec Proust nadviazal z\u00a0dvoch h\u013ead\u00edsk najm\u00e4 na realistu 19. storo\u010dia Gustava Flauberta: 1. prebral a\u00a0doviedol do dokonalosti jeho sociologicko-narat\u00edvnu v\u00edziu rom\u00e1nu ako detailn\u00e9ho, dynamick\u00e9ho obrazu doby (Pierre Bourdieu) a\u00a02., ako Flaubert, aj on p\u00edsal \u201eo ni\u010dom\u201c (P\u00e9ter N\u00e1das): z\u00a0ni\u010dnerobenia snobskej <em>leisure class<\/em>, ktor\u00e9 koncom 19. storo\u010dia sk\u00famal o. i. americk\u00fd sociol\u00f3g Thorstein Veblen (1899), spravil Proust centr\u00e1lnu t\u00e9mu rom\u00e1nov\u00e9ho cyklu. Touto <em>leisure class<\/em> je bur\u017eo\u00e1zia, star\u00e1 i nov\u00e1 aristokracia, zbohatl\u00edci a\u00a0arivisti \u2013 teda smot\u00e1nka belle \u00e9poque, tretej Franc\u00fazskej republiky.<\/p>\n<p>Popri tomto v\u00fdznamnom sociologickom rozmere je <em>H\u013eadanie straten\u00e9ho \u010dasu<\/em> najm\u00e4 putovan\u00edm do \u013eudsk\u00e9ho vn\u00fatra: je to epopeja vn\u00fatorn\u00e9ho \u017eivota, pre\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch citov a\u00a0rekon\u0161truovan\u00fdch spomienok. <em>H\u013eadanie straten\u00e9ho \u010dasu<\/em> je jeden z najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161\u00edch psychologick\u00fdch rom\u00e1nov svetovej literat\u00fary, v\u00a0ktorom s\u00fa detailne rozobran\u00e9 a\u00a0prec\u00edzne komentovan\u00e9 psychologick\u00e9 stavy, situ\u00e1cie, interakcie post\u00e1v at\u010f., \u010domu je podriaden\u00e1 aj narat\u00edvna forma diela \u2013 s\u00a0v\u00fdnimkou jednej \u010dasti prv\u00e9ho dielu ide o\u00a0monologick\u00e9 rozpr\u00e1vanie person\u00e1lneho rozpr\u00e1va\u010da, ktor\u00e9 \u010dasto plynulo prech\u00e1dza do eseje. Proust t\u00fdmito prechodmi medzi narat\u00edvnos\u0165ou a diskurzivitou predznamenal modernistick\u00e9 rom\u00e1ny prvej polovice 20. storo\u010dia ako <em>Mu\u017e bez vlastnost\u00ed<\/em> Roberta Musila \u010di <em>N\u00e1mesa\u010dn\u00edci<\/em> Hermanna Brocha. Na inej \u00farovni diela sl\u00fa\u017ei psychologickej introspekcii aj povestn\u00e1 proustovsk\u00e1 veta ako z\u00e1kladn\u00e1 jednotka rom\u00e1nu (dlh\u00e9 podra\u010fovacie, s\u00e9manticky paradoxn\u00e9 vetn\u00e9 kon\u0161trukcie). Rom\u00e1nov\u00e9 dianie je v\u0161ak v\u00a0porovnan\u00ed s\u00a0podrobn\u00fdmi psychologick\u00fdmi anal\u00fdzami pomerne chudobn\u00e9.<!--more--><\/p>\n<p><em>H\u013eadanie straten\u00e9ho \u010dasu<\/em> je s\u00edce navonok koncipovan\u00e9 ako vn\u00fatorn\u00e1 autobiografia (na vy\u0161e 3000 stran\u00e1ch sa dva razy objav\u00ed rozpr\u00e1va\u010dovo krstn\u00e9 meno Marcel), autor v\u0161ak nie je identick\u00fd s\u00a0rozpr\u00e1va\u010dom: ide dokonca o\u00a0vedom\u00fa a cielen\u00fa polemiku proti \u017e\u00e1nrom autobiografie a\u00a0spomienok. Najm\u00e4 \u017e\u00e1ner spomienok (m\u00e9moire) m\u00e1 vo franc\u00fazskej literat\u00fare trad\u00edciu u\u017e od 17. storo\u010dia (napr. Saint-Simonove pam\u00e4ti) a\u00a0pova\u017euje sa za v\u00fdznamn\u00fd zdroj poznania doby a\u00a0jej kult\u00fary a\u00a0\u010dasto aj s\u00fakromn\u00e9ho pozadia tvorby autorov a\u00a0ich diela. Biografizmus, ktor\u00fd je podstatou tohto \u017e\u00e1nru, pov\u00fd\u0161il v\u00a019. storo\u010d\u00ed na \u00fastredn\u00fd princ\u00edp liter\u00e1rneho poznania franc\u00fazsky kritik Charles Augustin Saint-Beuve (1804 \u2013 1869), proti ktor\u00e9mu Proust nap\u00edsal roku 1908 esej \u201eContre Saint-Beuve\u201c, kde proti met\u00f3de biografizmu vyst\u00fapil s vlastnou koncepciou moi profond, hlbok\u00e9ho ja, neobsiahnute\u013en\u00e9ho kauz\u00e1lnym vz\u0165ahom \u017eivota a\u00a0vonkaj\u0161ej skuto\u010dnosti, vz\u0165ahom, ktor\u00fd propagoval Saint-Beuve a\u00a0po \u0148om na t\u00fato l\u00edniu nadviazal liter\u00e1rny pozitivizmus Hippolyta Taina. Napokon aj Proustov rom\u00e1n H\u013eadanie straten\u00e9ho \u010dasu tvor\u00ed protiprojekt proti kauz\u00e1lnemu biografizmu, a\u00a0tento n\u00e1protivok je t\u00fdm radik\u00e1lnej\u0161\u00ed, \u017ee okrem uvedenia introspekt\u00edvnych pas\u00e1\u017e\u00ed (teda: subjekt\u00edvnych psychologick\u00fdch \u00favah) nar\u00fa\u0161a aj samotn\u00fa rovinu fakticity.<\/p>\n<p>Keby sme chceli urobi\u0165 katal\u00f3g t\u00e9m, ktor\u00fdm sa Proust v\u00a0diele venuje najviac a\u00a0najpodrobnej\u0161ie, tak by bola pam\u00e4\u0165 tou najv\u00fdznamnej\u0161ou, ale s\u00fa tu aj \u010fal\u0161ie: \u017eivot elegantnej spolo\u010dnosti v tretej republike (priebe\u017ene, ale zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 1. a\u00a03. diel), literat\u00fara, umenie a\u00a0hudba autorovej doby i\u00a0d\u00f4b minul\u00fdch (priebe\u017ene vo v\u0161etk\u00fdch dieloch, najviac v prv\u00fdch), Dreyfusova af\u00e9ra (najm\u00e4 3. diel), najnov\u0161ia technika (telef\u00f3n, fotografia, automobilizmus, aviatika \u2013 priebe\u017ene vo v\u0161etk\u00fdch dieloch), zlo\u017eit\u00e9 sociokult\u00farne a\u00a0socio- \u010di individu\u00e1lno-psychologick\u00e9 t\u00e9my ako \u017eidovstvo, homosexualita (najm\u00e4 za\u010diatok 4. dielu a \u010falej), lesbizmus (najm\u00e4 5. a\u00a06. diel), a\u017e po \u010disto psychologick\u00e9 t\u00e9my ako mu\u017esko-\u017eensk\u00e9 a homoerotick\u00e9 vz\u0165ahy, \u017eiarlivos\u0165, masochizmus, intrig\u00e1nstvo v\u00a0elegantnej spolo\u010dnosti at\u010f. (priebe\u017ene v\u00a0celom cykle).<\/p>\n<p>Ak\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom a\u00a0na ak\u00fdch \u00farovniach uva\u017euje Proust v\u00a0<em>H\u013eadan\u00ed straten\u00e9ho \u010dasu<\/em> o pam\u00e4ti? V prvom rade kon\u0161tatujme, \u017ee t\u00fdch pozn\u00e1mok o pam\u00e4ti a spom\u00ednan\u00ed s\u00fa v rom\u00e1ne roztr\u00fasen\u00e9 desiatky a nach\u00e1dzaj\u00fa sa v najrozli\u010dnej\u0161\u00edch kontextoch a s\u00favislostiach. Miestami ide o ucelen\u00e9 predstavy (napr. centr\u00e1lny koncept mimovo\u013enej pam\u00e4ti, ten predstav\u00edm podrobnej\u0161ie), inokedy s\u00fa to nesystematick\u00e9, ale v\u017edy zauj\u00edmav\u00e9 postrehy a n\u00e1pady; k tomu prir\u00e1tajme, \u017ee autor nerob\u00ed terminologick\u00fd rozdiel medzi pojmom pam\u00e4\u0165 (m\u00e9moire) a spomienka (souvenir), hranice medzi nimi s\u00fa priepustn\u00e9. Pri \u00favah\u00e1ch o pam\u00e4ti bol Proust ovplyvnen\u00fd najm\u00e4 iracionalisticko-pudovou predstavou pam\u00e4ti svojho s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00edka, o 12 rokov star\u0161ieho vitalistick\u00e9ho filozofa Henriho Bergsona (1859 \u2013 1941) a poznal aj tzv. franc\u00fazsku psychologick\u00fa \u0161kolu (Th\u00e9odulf Armand Ribot at\u010f.), ktor\u00e1 sa v tom \u010dase tie\u017e \u0161pekulat\u00edvne zaoberala pam\u00e4\u0165ou.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Pre\u010d\u00edtajte si pri pr\u00edle\u017eitosti 100. v\u00fdro\u010dia \u00famrtia v\u00fdznamn\u00e9ho franc\u00fazskeho spisovate\u013ea Marcela Prousta (10. 7. 1871 \u2013 18. 11. 1922) nieko\u013eko vybran\u00fdch pozn\u00e1mok z dosia\u013e neuverejnen\u00e9ho textu predn\u00e1\u0161ky profesora Adama B\u017eocha, ktor\u00fa predniesol na p\u00f4de \u00dastavu svetovej literat\u00fary SAV. Cel\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nok vyjde vo \u0161tvrtom tohoro\u010dnom \u010d\u00edsle \u010dasopisu World Literature Studies. Nie je jednoduch\u00e9 v kr\u00e1tkosti charakterizova\u0165 &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/usvl.sav.sk\/wp\/?p=5579\" class=\"more-link\">Pokra\u010dova\u0165 na <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Adam B\u017eoch: Koncept pam\u00e4ti a spomienky v H\u013eadan\u00ed straten\u00e9ho \u010dasu Marcela Prousta<\/span> <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5579","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-rozne"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/usvl.sav.sk\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5579","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/usvl.sav.sk\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/usvl.sav.sk\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/usvl.sav.sk\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/usvl.sav.sk\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5579"}],"version-history":[{"count":12,"href":"https:\/\/usvl.sav.sk\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5579\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5594,"href":"https:\/\/usvl.sav.sk\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5579\/revisions\/5594"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/usvl.sav.sk\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5579"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/usvl.sav.sk\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5579"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/usvl.sav.sk\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5579"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}